An international team of experts considers the question of what Plato and the Platonist tradition mean by the term soul. Essays examine theories of well-known philosophers and theologians, including Plato, Plotinus, Proclus, the emperor Julian, and Origen, as well as lesser-known but equally important figures. This essential volume includes contributions on the transmigration of the soul, the nature of the Platonist enlightenment experience, soul and gender, pagan ritual practices, Christian and pagan differences about the soul, and mental health and illness. It will be of interest to students and scholars in both classics and religion.