Reasoner's Now Shown Mercy is the first commentary in 500 years that returns to the quadriga (literal sense plus threefold spiritual sense) in its exegetical approach. The commentary shows how Paul understands Israel to be valued by God for its own sake, not simply as a type of the church or a preparation for the Christ. Paul views Israel as under God's mercy even as he writes Romans chapters 9-11, grieving as he is over both Israel's political subjugation in the first century and its spiritual condition. Since these chapters show that God values Israel for its own sake, the commentary's exegesis calls gentile believers to heed anew Paul's warning against boasting over Israel.