Inspired by Neoplatonism, the work of the philosopher Salustios outlines doctrines "concerning the gods, the world and human affairs" and thus profiles pagan traditions of thought and belief in contrast to the Christian world view that became increasingly widespread in the fourth century. This volume presents an introduction to Salustios and his writings, a new German translation and essays from different philosophical and religious-historical perspectives that open up new approaches to this remarkable attempt at cultural self-assurance in times of profound change.