Postcolonial and decolonial studies are generating more and more interest. In the last two decades, a diverse reception of these critical ways of thinking has developed worldwide, including in theology. This textbook aims at providing a fundamental insight into this diverse movement that is discussed globally. In recent years, various attempts have developed in different contexts and language areas around the world to make the learning progress of postcolonial studies fruitful for theology. This introduction takes up many of these examples and organizes them according to a structure based on central terms and methods of postcolonial studies. Numerous examples, literature references, and featured authors encourage readers to delve deeper into individual subject areas and/or authors. Finally, the book is also dedicated to possible consequences for theology and the church in Western contexts.